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Building a New Typography: Tangible and Intangible Heritages of Typographic Practice in India

India’s textual and typographic heritage can be considered to have four stages influenced by economic and political development: precolonial, colonial, postcolonial, and liberal. Because India is essentially an oral and manuscript culture, an argument can be made that Indian typographic and publishing practice has absorbed Western typographic norms to such an extent that vernacular ways of designing, publishing, distributing, and receiving texts are often usurped by so-called “global practices.” However, as design theorist Tony Fry noted in 2017, much work remains to be done on “how design is understood, transformed, and practiced in the Global South.” This work requires a conscious and critical reflection on heritage. Using India as a case study and typography as a lens, this talk asks what a true typographic heritage is in a postcolonial, liberal context. Using examples of historical approaches and practice in the design, production, and distribution of texts in India, Ramanathan evaluates particular intangible and tangible heritages, and sifts through inherited and local practices with the aim of drawing together a “new typography” for India. Overall, she seeks to engage, explore, debate, elaborate, refine, and extend a sense of typography and typographic practices by and for a “Modern India.”

新しいタイポグラフィを作る:インドのタイポグラフィ流儀の有形無形遺産

インドの文語とタイポグラフィの遺産は経済と政治的な変化に従って植民地化以前、植民地時代、植民地解放後、民主化以後の四期に分けて見ることができる。インドの言語文化は基本的に口語と手書きであり、タイポグラフィにおいては「世界標準の慣習」と一般に認識されている西洋流儀が、既存のデザイン、出版、流通、テキストの交換方法に取って代わっていったと見ることができる。しかしデザイン理論家のトニー・フライが2017年に書いたように、「デザインの正しい理解、南側の世界での正しい適用と運用」についてはまだまだ課題が多く残っており、当事国のデザイン遺産を意識的かつ批判的に振り返る必要がある。この講演ではインドをケーススタディの題材としてタイポグラフィに着目し、植民地解放、そして民主化を迎えた国の真のデザイン流儀を考えていく。インドの歴史的なテキストのデザイン、複製、流通のアプローチと慣習を例にとり、この有形無形の遺産を見直し、現地固有の慣習をふるいにかけて、インドの「新しいタイポグラフィ」の姿を描くことを目的としている。タイポグラフィ的感覚と「モダンなインド」のためのタイポグラフィ流儀について模索、熟考、議論、精製する機会としたい。

Speaker

Rathna Ramanathan

Rathna Ramanathan is a typographer and Reader in Intercultural Communication, known for her expertise in working with marginalized communities and contexts using alternative publishing practices. She works in international cross-disciplinary teams and takes a decolonial, cooperative approach to leading the research, design, and delivery of communication on projects for BBC World (Hindi and Bangla), British Council, UNICEF India, and World Bank, as well as publishers Tara Books and Harvard University Press.

Themes of urban and cultural heritage resonate in Ramanathan’s work, including the relevance of tangible (archives) and intangible (oral texts) heritages in multiple languages and contemporary design (Murty Classical Library of India). Some of her other projects are centered around cities envisioned through rural/indigenous creative imaginations (The London Jungle Book with Bhajju Shyam and Tara Books), dialogs of people, politics, and place (BBC’s Voice of the People campaign), and working with endangered Indian heritages (archives, texts, and marginalized and indigenous community rituals).

Ramanathan is interested in the role of the communicator/designer in addressing critical human and non-human challenges. She believes that communication should be a fundamental human right. It is a radical and meaningful tool that can create lasting positive change in how we describe, interact, and connect with each other. Ramanathan is Dean of Academic Strategy at Central St. Martins, London, UK. She serves as ATypI’s delegate for India and is also on the organization’s board of directors.